Sectors

Low carbon liquid fuels (LCLFs) play different roles across Australia’s economy. Some sectors use these fuels in aircraft, vessels, trucks, trains, heavy equipment and in remote operations. Others supply the feedstocks, wastes, residues and renewable inputs needed to make them.

Explore your sector

Moving people and freight

Aviation

Aviation connects Australia’s cities, regions and remote communities, and provides a primary link to international markets.

Maritime

Maritime transport moves goods, people and resources by sea, river and through ports.

Rail

Rail already offers strong transport efficiency, but much of Australia’s freight, regional passenger and heavy-haul tasks still depend on diesel-powered rolling stock operating on non-electrified corridors.

Road

Australia’s road sector relies heavily on conventional diesel and petrol across freight, bus, service and light vehicle fleets.

Working on site

Agriculture

Australian agriculture has a significant role in Australia’s low carbon liquid fuel future.

Construction

Construction relies heavily on diesel-powered plant, mobile equipment and temporary site energy systems.

Natural Resources

The natural resources sector relies heavily on diesel-powered vehicles, mobile equipment and remote power systems across mining, oil and gas, and coal operations.

Resources

A selection from the library related to this page.

    • Guidance
    • 2025

    Sector guides

    Australian Government, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water (DCCEEW)
    DCCEEW landing page linking to the six Australian Government sector plans (electricity and energy, transport, industry, resources, agriculture and land, built environment) that together set out the pathway to net zero by 2050.
    Read more
    • Report
    • 2025

    Opportunities and Priorities for a Low Carbon Liquid Fuel Industry in Australia

    Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), prepared in partnership with the Australian Government
    CSIRO report, prepared in partnership with the Australian Government, outlining opportunities for a low carbon liquid fuel industry in Australia and identifying priorities to progress projects from development through to commercial scale.
    Read more
    • Report
    • 2025

    Refined Ambitions: Exploring Australia’s low carbon liquid fuel potential

    Clean Energy Finance Corporation (CEFC), prepared by Deloitte
    CEFC’s Refined Ambitions report assesses Australia’s low carbon liquid fuel potential, covering supply chains, investment considerations and policy levers across fuels such as SAF and renewable diesel.
    Read more
    • Report
    • 2025

    Securing our Fuel Future: Resilience Through Low Carbon Liquid Fuels

    Bioenergy Australia, prepared by Deloitte
    Bioenergy Australia report (prepared by Deloitte) outlining how low carbon liquid fuels could support Australia’s fuel resilience and emissions goals, with recommendations on policy, investment and supply-chain development.
    Read more